MSc Program in the History and Philosophy of Biology

Winter Semester, 2h, 4ECTS


Instructor: Juan Manuel Torres 

Aims
To develop and explain some biological phenomena or discussions that have involved methodological and epistemological issues.

Program
Genetic services and the evolution of the notions of health, unhealth and disease. 
The creative power of Q -replicase enzyme vis a vis the Central Dogma of molecular biology. 
History of some competing research programmes on the origin of life: polyaminoacids versus polynucleotides.
Cairn's experiments and the neoLamarckism again. The logical structure of neoDarwinian evolutionary theory. 
The controversy on the unity of selection: species or individuals? 
The Modern Synthesis and its anomalies. 
The nomological-deductive model of Hempel and Oppenheim and its role in the reductionist view on the nature of life.

Teaching: Lectures and discussions.

Assessment: Final examination

Bibliography: 

Torres, J. M.: "The importance of genetic services for the theory of health: basis for an integrating theory", THE JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, HEALTH CARE AND PHILOSOPHY. 5: pp. 43-51, 2002.

Torres, J. M.: "On the falsification of the Central Dogma and the de novo synthesis of molecular species. A methodological analysis" in PHILOSOPHIA NATURALIS, 36: 1-18, 1999.

Torres, J. M.: "Competing research programmes on the origin of life", JOURNAL for GENERAL PHILOSOPHY of SCIENCE, 27: 325-346, 1996.

MacPhee, D.: "Directed evolution reconsidered", AMERICAN SCIENTIST, 81: 554-561, 1993. 
Thompson, P.. THE STRUCTURE OF BIOLOGICAL THEORIES, State University of New York Press, 1989.

Hull, D.: "Individuality and selection", ANNUAL REVIEW THE ECOLOGY AND SYSTEMATICS, 11: 311-332, 1980.

Lovtrup, S.: DARWINISM: THE REFUTATION OF MYTH, Crom-Holm, 1987.

Kuippers, B-O: INFORMATION AND THE ORIGIN OF LIFE, MIT Press, 1990.

Olga Pombo opombo@fc.ul.pt