Shannon, Claude, "A Chess-Playing Machine,'' Scientific American, Vol. 182, nº. 2, February 1950, pp. 48-51. Reimpresso em James R. Newman, Simon and Schuster (eds) (1956),  The World of Mathematics, New York: Tempus, Vol. 4, pp 2099-2108 (da reedição de 1988)

http://www.robotwisdom.com/ai/torres.html

(registo biográfico de Leonardo Torres y Quevedo)

http://www.who2.com/wolfgangvonkempelen.html

(registo biográfico sobre Wolfgang von Kempelen)

http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Shannon.html

(registo biográfico sobre Shannon)

http://www.bell-labs.com/news/2001/february/26/1.html

(registo biográfico sobre Shannon)

http://www.who2.com/turk.html

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http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9705/11/chess.update/index.html

(relato do confronto Kasparov-Deep Blue)